What did Cesare Borgia do?

The Italian leader Cesare Borgia (1475-1507) played an important part in Renaissance history. By intrigue and bravery he captured the Romagna, an area of Italy which remained a papal state until the 19th century. In 1493 Alexander named Cesare cardinal deacon, and in 1494 Cesare was ordained a deacon. …

Who was the pope in 1455?

Calixtus III, also spelled Callistusoriginal name Alfonso De Borja, Italian Alfonso Di Borgia, (born Dec. 31, 1378, near Játiva, kingdom of Aragon [now in Spain]—died Aug. 6, 1458, Rome [Italy]), pope from 1455 to 1458.

Why did Martin Luther burn the papal bull?

It was written in response to the teachings of Martin Luther which opposed the views of the Church. Luther refused to recant and responded instead by composing polemical tracts lashing out at the papacy and by publicly burning a copy of the bull on 10 December 1520. As a result, Luther was excommunicated in 1521.

Who was the pope during the time of the Borgia?

The Borgias became prominent in ecclesiastical and political affairs in the 15th and 16th centuries, producing two popes: Alfons de Borja, who ruled as Pope Callixtus III during 1455–1458, and Rodrigo Lanzol Borgia, as Pope Alexander VI, during 1492–1503. Especially during the reign of Alexander VI,…

How old was Rodrigo Borgia when he became a cardinal?

Rodrigo Borgia’s career in the Church began in 1445 at the age of fourteen when he was appointed sacristan at the cathedral of Valencia by his uncle, Alfonso Borgia who had just been appointed a cardinal by Pope Eugene IV in the previous year. In 1448, Borgia became canon at the cathedrals of Valencia, Barcelona, and Segorbe.

Why did Cesare Borgia kill his brother Giovanni?

Cesare was suspected of murdering his brother Giovanni, but there is no clear evidence to confirm this. However, Giovanni’s death cleared the path for Cesare to become a layman and gain the honors his brother received from their father, Pope Alexander VI.

Why was Cardinal della Rovere important to Borgia?

Della Rovere’s appeal was that he was a pious and brilliant Franciscan monk who lacked many political connections in Rome. He seemed to be the perfect cardinal to reform the Church, and the perfect cardinal for Borgia to maintain his influence.