What are strong CYP2D6 inhibitors?

CYP2D6 Inhibitors Some drugs, such as fluoxetine, paroxetine, and quinidine, are particularly potent inhibitors of CYP2D6; patients on these drugs may have almost no CYP2D6 activity.

What are strong CYP3A4 inhibitors?

Potent inhibitors of CYP3A4 include clarithromycin, erythromycin, diltiazem, itraconazole, ketoconazole, ritonavir, verapamil, goldenseal and grapefruit. Inducers of CYP3A4 include phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampicin, St. John’s Wort and glucocorticoids.

What foods inhibit CYP2D6?

Considerable evidence from both in vitro and animal studies suggests that CYP2D6 activity can be inhibited by goldenseal [59, 60], milk thistle [61, 62], kava kava [59, 63-65], Echinacea [59], and St. John’s wort [59, 66-68].

What foods can interfere with CYP metabolism of drugs?

While grapefruit juice and the compounds it contains are among the most extensively studied foods and beverages for their effects on the metabolism and action of prescription drugs, recent research has found that other foods, including pomegranates, Seville oranges, black pepper, cranberry juice, grape juice, black tea …

What foods inhibit CYP450?

What is CYP2D6 * 2A?

In detail, allele CYP2D6*2A (described for patient 1) was combined with allele CYP2D6*4, identified by a splicing defect associated to a not-functional protein, responsible of a missing enzymatic activity (The Human Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Allele Nomenclature Database).

Does alcohol inhibit CYP2D6?

Neither smoking nor alcohol affects CYP2D6 metabolizer status [96] . The CYP2D cluster of genes is contained on the long arm of chromosome 22 [8]. The enzymes in the cytochrome p450 monooxygenase system (CYP) are the major enzymes responsible for metabolizing medications.

How are CYP2D6 inhibitors classified by their potency?

Inhibitors of CYP2D6 can be classified by their potency, such as: Strong inhibitor being one that causes at least a 5-fold increase in the plasma AUC values of sensitive substrates metabolized through CYP2D6, or more than 80% decrease in clearance thereof.

What happens if you take CYP2D6 at the same time?

CYP2D6. If such a drug is taken at the same time as a second drug that is a CYP2D6 substrate, the first drug may affect the elimination rate of the second through what is known as a drug-drug interaction.

Are there any inhibitors or inducers of CYP2C19?

DDI data were collected based on a search of the University of Washington Metabolism and Transport Drug Interaction Database [Hachad et al. (2010), Hum Genomics, 5 (1):61)], and the list of references is available here. (a) Strong inhibitor of CYP1A2 and CYP2C19, and moderate inhibitor of CYP2D6 and CYP3A.

Who is less likely to have cytochrome CYP2D6 enzyme?

The lack of the liver cytochrome CYP2D6 enzyme occurs approximately in 7–10% in white populations, and is lower in most other ethnic groups such as Asians and African-Americans at 2% each. The occurrence of CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizers appears to be greater among Middle Eastern and North African populations.