What kind of waste are suitable for co-processing in cement plant?

The hazardous incinerable waste has vast potential to be used as a supplementary resource or for energy gradient recovery on co-processing. Their higher calorific value /constituents which are ingredients of cement evolve scope of its utilization as a supplementary resource material in the cement industry.

What is co-processing in cement kiln?

Co-processing of hazardous waste in cement kilns. Co-processing in resource-intensive industries involves the use of waste in manufacturing processes for the purpose of energy and resource recovery, reducing the use of conventional fuels and raw materials through substitution.

What is co-processing of waste?

Co-processing is the use of waste material (as raw materials, as a source of energy, or both) to replace natural mineral resources (material recycling) and fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and gas (energy recovery) in industrial processes.

Is cement kiln waste hazardous?

Cement kiln dust becomes a regulated hazardous waste only if significant violations of the management standards occur. Under EPA’s proposed standards, cement kiln dust is to be managed in landfills designed to meet specific performance requirements that protect ground water from toxic metals.

Which type of waste can be co processed?

Co-processing is the use of waste as raw material, or as a source of energy, or both to replace natural mineral resources (material recycling) and fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and gas (energy recovery) in industrial processes, mainly in energy intensive industries (EII) such as cement, lime, steel, glass, and …

Which of the following waste types are not suitable for CO combustion in cement kilns?

Explanation: Highly contaminated wastes, wastes with high water, chlorine, heavy metals or sulphur content waste types are not suitable for co-combustion in cement kilns.

What is the meaning of Geocycle?

Geo means ‘earth’ in Greek. Cycle evokes recycling. But it also suggests a larger process – the regenerative cycle in nature where waste materials are the foundation for creating new life. The name Geocycle alludes to the ‘holistic’ nature of what we do: turning waste into energy and recycled materials.

What is plasma pyrolysis technology?

Plasma pyrolysis technology is the disintegration of organic compound into gases and non- leachable solid residues in an oxygen-starved environment. Plasma pyrolysis utilizes large fraction of electrons, ions and excited molecules together with the high energy radiation for decomposing chemicals.

What is a co incinerator?

‘Co-incineration plant’ means any stationary or mobile plant whose main purpose is the generation of energy or production of material products and: – which uses wastes as a regular or additional fuel, or – in which waste is thermally treated for the purpose of disposal.

What is cement kiln dust used for?

Kiln dusts have been used, primarily as a pozzolanic activator, in kiln dust-fly ash-aggregate base mixtures. Some of the properties of these mixtures that are of interest include strength, durability, volume stability, and autogenous healing properties.

What is kiln dust?

Introduction. Cement kiln dust (CKD) is the fine-grained, solid, highly alkaline waste removed from cement kiln exhaust gas by air pollution control devices. Because much of the CKD is actually unreacted raw materials, large amounts of it can and are, recycled back into the production process.

What are co processed excipients?

“ A co-processed excipient is any combination of 2 or more excipients obtained by physical co-processing that does not lead to the formation of covalent bonds. Co- processed excipients have functionalities that are not achievable through sample blending”.

How are plastic wastes processed in cement kilns?

Co-processing of plastic wastes in cement kiln is practiced substantially in different countries as an environmentally sound option for management of plastic wastes. In cement kiln, different kinds of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes including plastic wastes get utilized as Alternative Fuel and Raw materials (AFRs).

Why is co processing important in the cement industry?

The waste hierarchy helps the cement industry to show to authorities, NGO’s or the neighborhood that co-processing is a “recovery” process. The waste hierarchy has to be respected for any waste disposal option.

How is the cement industry solving the waste problem?

The cement industry can turn the waste problem into a value-creating opportunity by using the waste to substitute fossil fuels and natural raw materials: the co-processing.

What does co processing mean in waste management?

Co-processing refers to the use of waste materials as alternative fuels or raw material (AFR) to recover energy or resource, which will reduce the use of conventional fuels or raw materials. Co- processing stands above the other disposal methods for waste management like land filling and incineration.